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Types of Steel Used in Building Construction Industry
One cannot picture the building business without steel because it has become such a crucial component of it.
Yet, did you know that there are various steel varieties utilised in construction?
Steel is renowned for having unmatched strength and durability qualities. To further support this assertion, see the section below on “various types of steel utilised in building.” Steel is nothing more than an amalgam of iron, carbon, and several other substances. They are structurally sound and have special qualities like as strong tensile strength. It is one of the essential elements required for building a house.
India is ranked as the second-largest producer behind the People’s Republic of China on the list of nations by mass steel production (According to data from the Global Steel Association, 2018). ( with a difference of about 880.3 million metric tonnes of crude steel). This particular point alone highlights how crucially important steel production is to our nation.
Steel reinforcement’s ability to bond properly with concrete is the primary factor in its usefulness in building construction. The strong demand for steel is unquestionably a realistic one given the population’s expanding demands and wants, skyscrapers appearing out of nowhere like mushrooms, and the prospective growth of the cheap housing sector.
Steel sheet products and reinforcing bars, internal fixtures, structural and non-structural sections in buildings are all examples of applications. Pre-stressed steel and pre-fabricated steel are also popular.
Light Gauge Steel
- Based on specific standards, thin sheets are used.
- It is simple to construct a steel frame system out of cold deformed steel (Steel shaped by a cold working process).
- Light gauge steel joists and studs are widely available in hardware stores.
- It is adaptable and secure.
- Flooring is a popular application for one of the various types of steel used in construction.
Structural Steel
Structural steel is yet another popular type of steel used in construction, primarily to provide a foundation or structure to the building. This is one of the most common types of steel.
- Used to build the structure
- T-shaped, channel sections, I-beams, plate type, bar or rod-type, and other specifications and shapes are available.
- Check for corrosion (When iron oxides to form rust).
As an example, consider steel beams and columns. Even bridges and transmission towers use it. There are numerous buildings in India that have received national recognition and awards for best steel structures, such as the Sardar Vallabhai Patel International Airport in Gujarat.
We use iron rods for heavy construction projects. Wrought iron, which is easy to handle, is one of the most common types of iron rod used in construction, along with mild steel and deformed bars.
Light Gauge Steel
Structural Steel
Mild Steel
- Carbon steel in its purest form.
- It is well-known for its fortitude.
- Steel that is most commonly used in construction.
- Used for both traditional and modern bolted pre-engineered structures.
Rebar Steel
- Reinforcing steel strengthens the structure and works well with concrete.
- For building purposes, it is also used in the form of a steel wire mesh.
- The majority of the time, hot-rolled round carbon steel bars are used.
- Tensile strength is increased.
- It can be made in extremely long lengths, however usually comes in 12 meters of length.
Hot rolled deformed bars are commonly used in RCC (Reinforced Concrete) structures. In addition to RCC, this is another major type of steel used in construction in the Indian Subcontinent, particularly in Pre Cast Construction Technology. The Indian standard IS 1069 is used to grade mild steel based on tensile properties.
Types of Steel Gradation
- Stainless steel ( Steel in combination with chromium)
- Carbon steel ( A combo of iron and carbon)
- Alloy steel (Carbon steel along with various other alloying elements)
- Tool steel (Carbon alloy steel well suited to manufacture tools).
Steel gradation aids in distinguishing different types of steel used in construction based on distinguishing properties such as density, hardness, thermal conductivity, and so on.
Steel is also suitable for energy-efficient construction. It also helps to resist significant shaking during earthquakes due to its inherent ductile properties!
Men used to make steel from raw ore in the ancient world. Following in the footsteps of Sir Henry Bessemer, the inventor of the first manufacturing steel, the process evolved further to reach its current state.
Steelmaking is very important in India’s construction technology. Today, two major methods are used commercially in the steelmaking process. As an example, consider basic oxygen steelmaking and electric arc furnace steelmaking. This steel manufacturing process is also classified as primary and secondary. The primary steel-making aids are pig iron, coke, and lime.
Because of the functions of steel that we anticipate in the context of a construction site, the members are manufactured in a factory assembly. Rolled steel products serve a variety of functions. The following are some of the various types of steel bars used in construction or Rolled steel products:
- Rolled round bars and square bars – For windows and grill works.
- TMT bars (Thermo – Mechanically Treated) – Excellent strength, shake – resistance, and quality.
- Ribbed bars – These have High Yield Strength and are also called HYSD ( D for deformed as they are made by cold twisting). Also, there are ribbed mild steel bars. HYSD bars are used extensively for precast concrete works.
- Angle and channel sections – Steel angles for communication towers, shelves, bridges.
India has also begun to widely support this technique. Commercially, the prefabricated steel building trade is on the rise these days.
Advantages of steel-framed construction include the ability to prevent water ingress to a great extent and the absence of rotting and fungal attack when compared to a similar wooden-framed structure.
Rusting of exposed surfaces is one of the disadvantages of steel framed construction. Fabrication errors can also cause a slew of problems.
